ir
/3/f-/dJ\
PEED UP YOUR FINISHING OPERATIONS
\
/3/^-/^
1^
cm^ ifie ihne . . .
tc SPEED UP FINISHING
a,u/ CONSERVE MATERIALS
Under existing rondilions — wlien faster production is
demanded of all industry, and rnanufaelurers are faeed
with shortages of essential raw materials— s/>ee<f and
conservation heeome "musts'"* on every hand.
This booklet is designed to aid manufacturers in
...... ^ eliminating "bottlenecks" in finishing and to lower
.!." ; : ^^ffts-' lbi"<1i*gJv5'f P^|Ved, piore. eflri(;ient snray painting
practice. CiJreYwl 6li8«ft;\iavce />f .tAc >lja!4c principles
6uibiiv<} %re; VilL*:iot^ only l»ring^ about faster, more
ecoAcJmica^ ^^riidhri'mTt V/oto lTia*f f i^ also insure continu-
ous speed and saving.-, in t\w future.
Ccfyright JQ42, E. J. du Pont dt Nem^ur, (sf Cu. (Inc.) ffilmingi^n, Del.
AN OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE
AND
As graphitallv illustraltMl at
the right, the past ten years
has seen a gradual reduction
from S2.50 to 75c in costs of
materials to finish a six-cuhir-
foot refrigerator. Some of thr>r
economies came from improved
formulas and lower prices for
finishes. But the biggest savings
have come through better paint-
ing pra<tiees , . . and it i> possible
to lower costs further bv increased
efficiency. Likewise, ai}v iii(lii>lry
can save fimcandmonc\ b\ impro\-
ing spraying technique. A>a giiid*-:
mtecd THESE II
POINTS FOR
FASTER, MORE ECONOMICAL FINISHING—,
1, TEMPERATURE OF PAINT
2. AIR AND FLUID PRESSURES
3. VISCOSITY OF PAINT
4. ADJUSTMENT OF SPRAY GUN
5. HANDLING OF SPRAY GUN
6. TRIGGERING OF THE GUN
7. SYSTEM IN THE STROKES
8. UNIFORMITY OF COATING
9. THICKNESS OF FILM
lO. CAUSES OF REJECTS
n. TOUCH-UP PROCEDURE
^emfie^utii/m <y^ PAINT •
• •
The wrong temperature for finisliing ma-
terials often causes a decided increase in
cost of materials per unit finished. This
kind of waste is doubly costly when the
watchword of industry is conservation — and
is absolutely unnecessary when tempera-
tures are so easily regulated and maintained.
TEMPERATURE OF PAINT
SHOULD BE CLOSE TO 78° F
riie photographs below were all taken with
the spray gun operating under tlie same air
pressures and with the same nozzle adjust-
ment. The variations of fan width and
behavior of the finish are due solely t(»
different tem[>eratures of finishing ma-
terials being apphed.
sT-
TOO COLD . . . rait^rs NORMAL... around 78° T O O WA R M . . . fxiint Uxt
falsi' ri\((>^il\\ norf'ssitatiiif> /'; provuhs spraying ma- thin, n'suhinf^ in thin film
hifihcr itir f treasures ami trrials that can Ih' appiwd andrrjiu isducu/'sagginfi."'
resulting in tiiateriai wastt'. swiftly and economivully. This also u^sWs mati'riaL
PAINT NEEDS WARMING UP, TOO!
l'ini>hing materials and rrdutcr:^ should be sIohmI
in a room with controlled temi>erature from 70° to
85° F. For best finishing r^*sull^-
spray room temi>eratures should
be maintained witliin the same
limits during the entire (inisliing
prcxess. remjierature of materials
->h<Hild be cheeked fn-epirnth.
^A a„d f/,nW PRESSURES
The jiressiire is on America to
amsorii*. In the finishin*,^ depart-
ment, this means using no more
tnah-rinls than wcf'ssarv per unit.
Vetuai e\|»erienee demonstrates
ihat often twice as much material
is used uhen (histed away on flat
^nrf'aees throiMdi '"fojitrjnfr'' an<l
o\t'r>[tra\ due to e\eessive air
and thiid pressures. (See eliart
Im'Iou.)
HIGH PRESSURES MEAN HIGH COSTS
This chart gra|)hieallv shows
that correct pressures (60 Ihs.
on air and 6 Ihs. on fluid for
most johs) reduce amount of
material used and thus lourr
costs. Allow spray opera tor^^
only en<>u<:h fhiid to get re-
(piired fihn thickness . . . onl\
enough air for proper atomiza-
tion. (Cost Jigu res based on syn-
thetic paint at $2.25 to $2.r>0'per
galhtn, uith sftray gun opened
wide for an hour.)
$10.00 an hour
(>(> Ihs. an air
<> Ihs. on jhiul
$1 1 .50 an hour
'Hi Ihs. „ti an
(,ths. anjlunl
$20.00 an hour
90 Ihs. on (lir
15 Iffs. on jhitd
ASK YOUR SUPPLIER FOR RECOMMENDED
Ask a Du P(mU representative,
or your supplier of spravin*;
equi[»ment, to help you deter-
mine proper pressures for [)ar-
ticular applications. Once the
standard is set, someone should
be made ^'sponsible for con-
stantly checking pressures suj)-
plied at the gun, using a
pressure gauge for the testin^r.
PRESSURES
'Wt4cc4t/^ </ V k\wj * * *
America has declared war on waste.
Likewise, every finishing department
should declare war on the stick or
spatula test for viscosity or fluid
properties of paint. Besides being old-
fashioned, this method is inaccurate
and leads to waste of materials.
SET A VISCOSITY STANDARD
FOR EACH JOB
Correct viscosity depends on size and
shape of ol>j<*et, color, required hiding^
film thickness, speed
of application and
other factors. When
the right viscosity
is found for a par-
ticular apphcation,
it should be ad-
liered to rigidly.
Check viscosity con-
stantly, using a
scientifically accu-
rate method.
• • •
CHECK BEFOREHAND
TO SAVE TIME
Controlled viscosity provides
the spray operator with uni-
form working conditions. If a
shop system is set up to
check viscosity before the
sprayman goes to work, it
saves his time and much of
the human element is elimi-
nated from the oi)eration.
TOO THIN . . . prtMlurcs
excessive on'i spray and re-
jects due to safigitiftfinislirs.
NORMAL . . . protides
pntpcr Jan fmttem for sirifi
and econom uid appUratiuti .
TOO HEAVY. . . requires
hi filter pressures, causing
exrt'ss iraste o/ materials.
l^//,nt,ne,a ^/ S P R AY GU N
Today's prod Lie tioii crisis dr-
mands maximum efficiency from
the spray gun itself ... as well as
from operator. By correct adjust-
ments, the spray operator can
not only save precious time that
would otherwise be required in
making extra strokes, but also can
often make consi<lerahle savings
in the use of vital finishing
materials.
^^^^^^^^^^r
^^^^^^^^^^^^v
LOOK AT THE SAVINGS
RIGHT .. . one stroke lays a smooth
and eivn layer of film,
WRONG , . . an extra stroke is
required beeaiise of poor *iun ad-
justment.
Every stroke uses up time and
materials. So an improperly ad-
justed spray gun costs you mono v.
It may double your costs for ma-
terials and use more labor time.
INSPECT ARMS TO SAVE MATERIALS
Defective spray patterns which \va>te ma-
terials and cause streaks in the finish are
oflen due to tlirt or
dried paint within the
spray head or air cap.
Regular cleaning — as
well as proper adjust-
ment — can save you
time, materials and
money. Inspect and
clean all equiimient fre-
quently and thoroughlv.
Jslr^e/Zm^e/SPRkX GUN
Tiie man boliind tiie S[)ray gun
has a lot to do with saving our
vital materials today. He de-
serves careful coaching in han-
dling of the gun for maximum
coverage and mininumi waste.
He also deserves the time to do
his job ri<:lit . . . not Ixing rushed.
DISTANCE GUN IS HELD FROM OBJECT
INCORRECT . . . too far away,
aiiisinfi fag r>r mist which ijoasics
nmtvridls.
INCORRECT . . . too close, musing
u tic let I ami ami air ripples in the
Jinish,
Tt is important that gun be Iield at
the same distance during entire
stroke. The correct distance is
about eight inches from spray
nozzle to surface of object— just
about the span of thumb to little
Engcr as shown at the upp<'r right.
ANGLE OF GUN TO OBJECT
K*'~^
CORRECT (Left) . . . gun is perpen-
(In uhir \n --nrface for entire stroke.
INCORRECT {Right) . . . gun is
'r/rcWso it sup[)lies more material
at one end of sjiray pattern, less at
the other, causing streaks, sags and
runs. Materials are wasted because
llic gun is either too far aivay or
txjo chise during most of stroke
^*r\^^p^m{jf f)f f/te G U N • • •
Anollicr iiii|iortant economy fac-
tor is the reduction of "over-
spra\"— the amount of niatorial
which is alIo\vc<l to fall hcvond
the points for which it is intcmlcd.
To prcv<'nt ovcrspray, don't pull
the trigger when the gun isn't on
the mark. It should he triggered
bcjffrc and aftiT v\vr\ stroke.
THIS IS HOW TO WASTE 30% OF YOUR MATERIALS
< )ue reason some sprav -
men don't trigger prop-
erly before and after
<\<Ty stroke is l>ecause
tliry tvhip the gun. They
makr such rapitl strokes
that triggering each
stroke would paralyze
the mii>el<*s in the hand.
TRY THIS SYSTEM TO SAVE MATERIALS
FIRST .. . "httfttl i.-r ///e mils *//
(•(!( h [HI firl^morin^ the ^unwrtivaWy.
THEN . . . spray the face of panel
horizontally, triggering each stroke.
After the end is "banded in,*' the
operator can begin each stroke and
then pull the trigger. He can release
trigger before completing stroke,
riiis gi\es smooth, complete coats
with miuiuuun waste from over-
spray. Incitlentally, corners should
be sprayed so that both sides of
corner are covered at same lin.e.
^
^"^v ,f'
-^
W-^
) (
A
^'^^
15% of 1
materials los
he
t here 1
Another 15%^^
ost at this end
)fi.^fein in t/ie STROKES
• •
"RHYTHM MAKER"
WASTES PAINT
A "rli\ thill maker" looks very
graceful on the dance floor — but
the spray room is no place for in-
dulging these talents. It wastes
paint and slows down production.
Better the man who makes slow,
careful strokes and follows a set
pattern and [)ro(('dure.
A study should he made to deter-
mine the correct starting point and
the most orderly procedure for all
subsequent strokes on every sur-
face or object. For example, the
inside of legs is usually the best
starting point on a chair. Follow-
ing an established system is more
efficient, and avoids wastes in
materials and effort.
LEARN FROM ONE
ANOTHER TO SAVE PAINT
\\ hen one man develops a smooth -
working pattern of strokes for
any particular object or surface,
l<'l liim [lass this s\stem on to the
olhcr fellows. W Uvn once the sys-
tem is set, let every man use it on
cutv stroke. Sli<k to a good
tiling when you find it. It pays!
10
^ji//cijuify ^/COATING * *
It is wasteful to apply a coating
too heavy in one spot, too thin in
another. This is another point
where systematic procedure
through improved, more cflicient
spraying teehnicpie can save time
and vital materials.
COST PER
HOUR
MATERIALS
MATERIALS
iS.OO
«5.00
WAGES
WAGES
75c
75c
*-|fe
^'^
'""i^
i
I
IT DEPENDS ON THE
HUMAN FACTOR
I t i> lalx- crotiomx (or riini lo ni^li
or he rii>hed loo nnit h. riiis results
ill waste of materials as well as
rejects I'rotn irregular film.
( Material cos tsl>as<'d on synthetic
paint at >?2.25 to >^'2.7y() per gallon,
with gun operating 1 hour. Hourly
rate given merely as example.)
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
FILM ISN'T UNIFORM
"STREAKING" (Top) . . . Loss
of nncrinu [fut^'f due to irre<j,ithtr
c( toting,
"SAGS" and "RUNS" (Boffom)
. . . Result jnnu t(H) nuuh rnulrnul
hcin^ sftruvcd in oiw spot.
These arc only some of the causes
for rejects and waste of materials
when the coating is not unilorm.
11
"^/ne/^neu ^ FILM
• • •
It is uin'coiioniic for 111 in iliitkness
lo Ix' t(X> thin or too iliick. Either
way it costs time and money, as
well as wasting vital materials.
Use of the induction gauge pic-
tured here is one method of check-
ing fdm thickness at regular inter-
vals. \\ hile not quite so accurate
as the micrometer measurement
id<'srrihed hclow), it is quirk and
rorncnicnl for fre(juent check-ups.
(pi
HOW THICKNESS AFFECTS COST
Correct t!iirkiir>> ol lihn fea\<'>
money all around. If the correct
thickness for a particular a[»pli(a-
tion should he tuo mils, then a film
of three mils is obvious waste of
materials without any gain in
durahilily. A fdm of one mil, simi-
larly.decreases durahili I y. increases
rejects, gives poor a|>pearaiice.
FILM THICKNESS FOR
EACH APPLICATION
Ae('(»rdiii<i to vour slaiidards ol
ap[)earance and tlurahilitv, ar-
rive at the desired thickness of
film for each a[»plicalion. 'J hen
use a micrometer to estahli^h
thickness and check it regular]\.
{LeH) Medsitre thickness of nielal
and Jilrn with mivntnutcr,
{Right) Scrape <tfj filni. Measure
nicfaL DiJJerenee is Jilm tIticLncss.
MATERIALS
REQUIRED
FOR
j^ ^
^^fM
#-4>
l^f
^1
m^i
iLf-
lu.
3
tf-
Hl..
CmvkI Film
fhin Him
12
(gr.^AMJr/REJECTS.. w
Rejects are not '^leressarv evils."
By systeinatieally checking on
causes (such as placing bare hands
on metal, illustrated at right) —
and then removing these causes —
you can cut rejerts down to a hare
minimum. This will aid gn-alK in
const'rx in«£ InMh (itnr and niah-riaU.
START A CLEAN-UP
CAMPAIGN AROUND
SPRAY BOOTH
One of the higgt'>t single caii^c^ lor
rejects is dirt and dust drawn into
spray booth by the exhaust fan
which acts exactly like a vaeuum
cleaner pulhng ihrt into the hoolh.
The entire iinisliing area sliould be
k»'pt spotlessly clean at all times.
\nolher fnH|ucnt cansc is lint
KEEP DAILY RECORD
FORM OF REJECT CAUSES
l:i>ti'ad of mrrrl\ lumping them all
together, tabulate the reason for
each indiviilual reject. Supply a
I»rinted form (based on individual
needs) and train the men to use it.
This will guide you in taking steps
to remoAt' the various causes.
from glo\ cs and clol liini.
men. A good prcv<'ntiv("
is to spray (loth with a
of iIh" flrii>liitig iiialrii
used.
TJI^r^^^^^ SHEET
1 ol \v..fk-
' measur«"
mist coat
al> beiiii:
11"
13
"^cnc/i-u/i PROCEDURE
• •
]VIan\ rejects can licioiiic eiitirciv or rcfiiiisliing the pii-ci-. Such sav -
saleable pieces by use of proper ings are big contrilHilions today
touch-up procedure. This will save when conservation of materials is
the waste of materials in jimkin«j so vital.
MAKE ONE MAN THE TOUCH-UP EXPERT
The mo>t edicicnl method <d cvprrl at prrj»ariii<: ^urla^e-. prim-
handling touch-up work is for one iiig, mixing and a[>pl\ ing match-
man to become very j>n>ri<ient in ing colors, and other steps in this
this work, lie mii-t uiidcr>land specialized proces>.
everv step of tlie touch-up
procedure and become pro-
ficient in carrying through
on the work. This w ill speed
each touch -up job and im-
prove tlie quality of the
work, instead of "letting
(ycorge do it.** assign a [)ar-
tieular person to touch-up
duties so that he become>
14
iT/^ co.^t.^ ^10 fni /torn /fJt
in ft te tiff/ ff/fJiiP . . .
11 a inodrrn >[>ra\ gun is <>|)rrir<l uidr tor
an lioiir, it will sprav altoiit SlO.OO \sorlli
of nialt'rials (based on svulht'tic paint al
$2.25 to S2.50 per gallon). Willi (.tlur
type materials, this <(>st nii^rlit run up a-«
high as S2o per hour.
Ohvion.slv . anN ini|>ro\ i incnis in s[ira\ -
ing tcchnitpie and oprraling prarti(<'s
which aid in reducing the annMuit of
materials s[>ray<'d jx'r unit, will rul <iown
on lirne required for finishing and lower
[tainting costs. That's win it i> wise, in
every hnishing o[»eration. to . . ,
(.
1. Temperature of Paint
2. Air and Fluid Pressures
3. Viscosity of Paint
4. Adjustment of Spray Gun
5. Handling of Spray Gun
6. Triggering of the Gun
7. System in the Strokes
8. Uniformity of Coating
9. Thickness of Film
10. Causes of Rejects
1 T. Touch-up Procedure
^ hile the principles outlined hc*re
are general — and no attempt has
been made to ap{)ly them speelli-
callv or in detail to all rnarnifae-
turers' finishing proldems — they
will iio a lonji wa\ t<»wards spwd-
iHi,' it[) finisliinii ofn^rdtions . . .
(itiil Itnnrinii y<ntr pd'uitina msls.
^9
•tCG.u.s.PAT.orr.
Ivl. Du PoHT DE Nemours & Company (Ihc.)
Ffnisfies Division ... Indy$irial Sales
WILMINGTON
DELAWARE
BRANCH OFFICES
ATLANTA, GA. ... 619 PeochtrM Si., N. E.
BOSTON, MASS. . . 1019 Commonwealth Avo.
CHICAGO/ILL. 2100 Elston Avo.
DALLAS, TEXAS ..... 2B12 Goiton Avo.
PHILADELPHIA, PA. . . 1616 Wolnut St.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAUF. ... 235 Socond St.
MmW in U. S. a.
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